Hydrogen is the most abundant element in the universe, making up 75% of normal matter by mass and over 90% by number of atoms. This element is found in great abundance in stars and gas giant planets. However, hydrogen gas is very rare in the Earth's atmosphere (1 ppm by volume) because of its light weight, which enables it to escape from Earth's gravity and go out into space. Still, hydrogen is the third most abundant element on the Earth's surface.Most of the Earth's hydrogen is in the form of chemical compounds such as hydrocarbons and water.Molecular clouds of H2 are associated with star formation. Hydrogen plays a vital role in powering stars through proton-proton reaction and CNO cycle nuclear fusion.
Throughout the universe, hydrogen is mostly found in the atomic and plasma states whose properties are quite different from molecular hydrogen. As plasma, hydrogen's electron and proton are not bound together, resulting in very high electrical conductivity and high emissivity (producing the light from the sun and other stars). The charged particles are highly influenced by magnetic and electric fields. For example, in the solar wind they interact with the Earth's magnetosphere giving rise to Birkeland currents and the aurora.
Under ordinary conditions on Earth, elemental hydrogen exists as the diatomic gas, H2. Hydrogen gas is produced by some bacteria and algae and is a natural component of flatus. Methane is a hydrogen source of increasing importance.
This all got started with the Arabic civilization when they started to make batteries out of clay pots.That was the first sign of hydrogen at work.According to most texts the "voltaic pile," or electric battery, was invented in 1800 by the Count Alessandro Volta. Volta had observed that when two dissimilar metal probes were placed against frog tissue, a weak electric current was generated. Volta discovered he could reproduce this current outside of living tissue by placing the metals in certain chemical solutions. For this, and his other work with electricity, we commemorate his name in the measurement of electric potential called the volt.
The little jar in Baghdad suggests that Volta didn't invent the battery, but reinvented it. The jar was first described by German archaeologist Wilhelm König in 1938. It is unclear if the object was up dug or simply found in the museum, but it is known that it was found, with several others, at a place called Khujut Rabu, just outside Baghdad.
The jars are believed to be about 2,000 years old and consist of an earthenware shell, with a stopper composed of asphalt. Sticking through the top of the stopper is an iron rod. Inside the jar the rod is surrounded by a cylinder of copper. König thought these things looked like electric batteries and published a paper on the subject in 1940.
World War II prevented immediate follow-up on the jars, but after hostilities ceased, an American, Willard F. M. Gray of the General Electric High Voltage Laboratory in Pittsfield, Massachusetts, built some reproductions. When filled with an electrolyte like grape juice, the devices produced about two volts.
Not all scientists accept the "electric battery" description for the jars. Some suggest that they were simply containers used to hold papyrus scrolls. The scrolls have since rotted away leaving just the jars. If they were batteries, though, who made them and what were they used for?
Khujut Rabu was a settlement of a people called the Parthians.
While the Parthians were excellent fighters, they had not been noted for their technological achievements and some researchers have suggested they obtained the batteries from someone else. A few people have even suggested that this someone else was a space traveler that visited Earth during ancient times.
As romantic a notion as this is, there is nothing about the Baghdad batteries that is high-tech. All the materials used are common in origin and the manufacture was well within the ability of many of the peoples of that era. What is surprising about the jars is that somebody figured out how to put the right materials together in the right way to make a device that has a function which was not obvious. It is likely that the batteries (if that is what they are) the result of an isolated and accidental development.
Hydrogen is a chemical energy carrier, just like gasoline, ethanol or natural gas. The unique characteristic of hydrogen is that it is the only carbon-free or zero-emission chemical energy carrier. Hydrogen is a widely used industrial chemical that can be produced from any primary energy source. Most of the world's production is by the thermal reformation of natural gas (methane) into hydrogen that is used immediately to refine petroleum into gasoline, diesel fuel and other petrochemicals. The carbon dioxide produced by the reforming process is either captured and processed into liquid carbon dioxide or vented to the atmosphere. Because hydrogen is produced and distributed in such huge quantities, the technology needed to build infrastructure to serve wholesale and retail energy markets is proven, reliable and commercially available.
Hydrogen can be used as a fuel for all types of internal and external combustion heat engines and turbines (with adjustments to compensate for the difference between, say, and diesel fluid and hydrogen gas). Hydrogen fueled heat engines can be optimized to operate at higher thermal efficiencies than traditional heat engines using traditional hydrocarbon fuels. The increased thermodynamic efficiency, and reduced pollution, would be beneficial, but they are not produced in quantity largely because hydrogen is not industrially available.
Sufficiently purified hydrogen can also be used to power electrochemical engines, such as the proton exchange membrane (PEM) fuel cell.
Hydrogen fuel cells can be more efficient than hydrogen fueled heat engines, and thus much more efficient than hydrocarbon fuel heat engines. They are also less polluting. Several companies are attempting to develop reliable, inexpensive PEM fuel cells. However, designs are not sufficiently developed to be routinely mass produced. The limited quantities available for purchase are hand made and much more expensive than conventional heat engines.
Hydrogen production in quantities sufficient to replace existing hydrocarbon fuels is not possible. Such production will require more energy than is currently being used, and require large capital investment in hydrogen production plants. Because of the increased costs, hydrogen is not yet in widespread use. If the cost of greenhouse gas production is fully included into the market price of hydrocarbon fuels, hydrogen fuels may become more attractive commercially, providing clean, efficient power for our homes, businesses and vehicles.
Hydrogen gas, H2, was first artificially produced and formally described by T. Von Hohenheim (also known as Paracelsus, 1493–1541) via the mixing of metals with strong acids. He was unaware that the flammable gas produced by this chemical reaction was a new chemical element.
Robert Boyle
In 1671, Robert Boyle rediscovered and described the reaction between iron filings and diluted acids, which results in the production of hydrogen gas.
Henry Cavendish
In 1766, Henry Cavendish was the first to recognize hydrogen gas as a discrete substance, by identifying the gas from a metal-acid reaction as "inflammable air" and further finding in 1781 that the gas produces water when burned. He is usually given credit for its discovery as an element.
Antoine Lavoisier
In 1783, Antoine Lavoisier gave the element the name of hydrogen (from the Greek hydro meaning water and genes meaning creator) when he and Laplace reproduced Cavendish's finding that water is produced when hydrogen is burned.
James Dewar
Hydrogen was liquefied for the first time by James Dewar in 1898 by using his invention, the vacuum flask. He produced solid hydrogen the next year.
Harold Urey
Deuterium was discovered in December 1931 by Harold Urey, and tritium was prepared in 1934 by Ernest Rutherford, Mark Oliphant, and Paul Harteck. Heavy water, which consists of deuterium in the place of regular hydrogen, was discovered by Urey's group in 1932. One of the first uses of H2 was for Döbereiner's lamp and limelight.
Jacques Charles
The first hydrogen-filled balloon was invented by Jacques Charles in 1783. Hydrogen provided the lift for the first reliable form of air-travel following the 1852 invention of the first hydrogen-lifted airship by Henri Giffard.
German count Ferdinand von Zeppelin promoted the idea of rigid airships lifted by hydrogen that later were called Zeppelins; the first of which had its maiden flight in 1900. Regularly-scheduled flights started in 1910 and by the outbreak of World War I in August 1914 they had carried 35,000 passengers without a serious incident. Hydrogen-lifted airships were used as observation platforms and bombers during the war.
The first non-stop transatlantic crossing was made by the British airship R34 in 1919. Regular passenger service resumed in the 1920s and the discovery of helium reserves in the United States promised increased safety, but the U.S. government refused to sell the gas for this purpose. Therefore, H2 was used in the Hindenburg airship, which was destroyed in a midair fire over New Jersey on 6 May 1937. The incident was broadcast live on radio and filmed. Ignition of leaking hydrogen as widely assumed to be the cause but later investigations pointed to ignition of the aluminum fabric coating by static electricity. But the damage to hydrogen's reputation as a lifting gas was already done.
As for our biggest accomplishment, thanks to the Manhattan project, was the hydrogen bomb.
Albert, why did you have to write those letters??Germany wasn’t going to figure it out!That’s my opinion and I’m sticking to it...
Hydrogen Today
As the prices for gasoline keep increasing, more and more people are learning about the power of hydrogen.When people really try to conceive the power of hydrogen, they often times think of hydrogen factories that they’ve seen. These hydrogen factories typically exhaust large amounts of pollutants, often leading people to discredit the ecological advantages of hydrogen-assisted cars. Emissions are being reduced but their MPG performance is far from reaching its potential.Sadly, hydrogen conversion kits as well as hybrid cars have not matured yet.Some believe that it is necessary to compress hydrogen gas to utilize it in their vehicle, but hydrogen pressure tanks and fuel stations run the risk of becoming a great safety hazard.Hydrogen gas is extremely volatile – meaning, this stuff is EXPLOSIVE. Always be sure to take precaution when experimenting with hydrogen gas!
The alternative to using a potentially dangerous pressurized tank is a hydrogen fuel cell generator. Hydrogen generators actually help our environment rather than flood our atmosphere with pollutants. It is most certainly safer for you and your passengers because you are only creating hydrogen as you need it.There are many manufacturers of hydrogen fuel cell generators, but we believe HighPerformanceFuelCells.com offers systems that are the safest and most economical solution: we produce hydrogen rather than buy pressurized gas.The government wants to promote a solution that can be taxable – but why not make your own fuel?
Until recently, hydrogen generators required a high voltage power supply and consumed large amounts of electrical energy. It actually required much more electrical energy than the output from the combustion of the resulting hydrogen and oxygen. In other words, it was an extremely inefficient process that had limited practical use.Using our product catalog, you can create your own system that is a practical solution developed for use in fuel-injected or carbureted motor vehicles.
Can we idle an engine running solely on a hydrogen fuel cell generator? Yes, we can – in fact, we have!However, to drive a vehicle running on hydrogen, you would need a MUCH LARGER hydrogen generator.We need to take one step at a time as we begin using this technology on a day-to-day basis.This is only the beginning!Pretty soon auto manufacturers will be turning to water reservoirs and doing away with gas tanks. This our prototype that we are showing you . Please, foregive me for not letting you see the real deal. This will be my bred and butter.
At this time, all MagDrive hydrogen fuel cell generators, do not stand up to the test of time and should be taken off the fuel cells market, can only be operated as a hybrid conversion on all models of vehicle. Your car, at this time, will not run completely on water.The fuel percentage of efficiency on a few installed "Series 11a and 12a" applications reached no better than 20%.
Watch out!There are many people out there claiming to manufacture hydrogen fuel conversion products. You'll see glass mason jars, PVC sewer pipe, vinyl water bags and the likes. These materials were never designed to tolerate the electro-chemical and temperature conditions of hydrogen production. Some are just plain too dangerous to even use.
How Hydrogen Works
Now we’ll discuss how hydrogen fuel cell generators turn water into hydrogen and oxygen. Hydrogen fuel cell generators essentially convert your vehicle to use water as a source of supplemental or even primary fuel. The engine derives energy from hydrogen and oxygen.The only resulting byproduct of hydrogen and oxygen in combustion within the engine is water vapor. It has the interesting characteristic of being able to remove pollutants from the air during combustion and helps prevent carbon build-up in the engine.
We call it a hydrogen fuel cell generator because it produces hydrogen and oxygen gas from water through the process of electrolysis.Water electrolysis is simply the breaking down of water into its basic hydrogen and oxygen atoms by passing an electronic current through it. When water is introduced with electrical current, its molecules become excited and the hydrogen bonds break from oxygen. The produced hydrogen and oxygen are now in a gaseous state from the liquid water.
Note:You always want to use distilled water, so be sure to pick up a gallon the next time you go to the grocery store!
The system begins starting with water and distilled vinegar as an electrolyte.It should be clarified that the vinegar is ONLY going to be used to charge or “season” the plates after installing your system.Essentially, the vinegar is conditioning your generator for optimal function.After a week or two, once the water / vinegar solution turns a dirty brown color, you want to flush your system, refilling with only distilled water.
Remember:Vinegar is ONLY used to season the plates.
During electrolysis, the breaking down of water molecules is ‘catalyzed’ by the electrolyte, speeding up the process of turning it from liquid to gas.People have suggested using different electrolyte additives, such as baking soda, but this will cause corrosion.The gas goes into the engine through the engine’s intake. The hydrogen gas then reacts with the gasoline and air in the combustion chamber. Once the gas leaves the engine, it cools as it travels out the exhaust, where it condenses back into to water vapor.
Remember:Adding other elements to your electrolyte may cause corrosion!
Why vapor instead of water, you ask? Gasoline produces enough heat during combustion to keep the gases in a water vapor state.It will then return to water outside of the exhaust system, thereby preventing internal corrosion. I have noticed water dripping out of the tail pipe just after an installation of a hydrogen fuel cell generator – everything’s okay inside!
Important Facts to Know About Hydrogen Fuel Cell Generator Kits:
You do not need to make any major alterations to your vehicle.
You must turn the unit off when not running your vehicle.
All vehicles made after 1996 are fuel injected and computer controlled, which will make fuel/air adjustments necessary.
Periodically inspect the water level in the reservoir tank to ensure sufficient fueling.
For cold weather climates, use a fiber-glass foil backed pipe insulation wrap. (not included)
All systems should have a liquid/gas flash back safety valve installed.
Emissions
Our environment is suffering due to the number of cars on the road today.Currently, the EPA shows that on road vehicles are the leading cause for the pollution of carbon monoxide, nitrogen oxides, and volatile organic compounds; responsible for producing ground-level ozone, the main component of smog.You will notice an immediate change in your emissions with an odorless exhaust.Lowered carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions and nitrogen oxides (NOX) levels go almost to zero.
MagDrive Generators cause engines to produce much lower emissions upon installation. The hydrocarbons (HC) are dramatically reduced and the carbon monoxide (CO) is virtually eliminated (numbers at 0.02% and lower). The tailpipe smell is virtually non-existent on a gasoline powered engine. What comes out the tailpipe is mostly hot water vapor. The heavy soot particles from diesel engine exhaust falls quickly to the ground, thus vastly reducing their effect as an airborne irritant. That means cleaner air and fewer respiratory problems.
Even today's gas-electric hybrids still pollute the air. The exhaust from the Gasoline still contains Hydrocarbons and Carbon Monoxide and the smell at the tailpipe is still there. There is also the consideration of where the electricity comes from that is used to recharge the batteries. Speaking of batteries, what happens to them after they are no longer serviceable and have to be replaced? In fact, I just spoke with my local Honda hybrid dealer, and they’re charging $5000 OVER the manufacturer’s suggested retail price!
The fuel source for all MagDrive Generators is water and the water that is unused is returned to the environment. Not all of the hydrogen and oxygen is used during the combustion, and, again, what is left is discharged out into the air as water vapor. Emissions from a car’s exhaust consist of many pollutants that come from the combustion of gasoline.
Main Contributors to Pollution:
Hydrocarbons (HC) – This class is made up of unused or partially burnt fuel. Hydrocarbons are a major contributor to urban smog, as well as being toxic they can cause liver damage and even cancer.
Nitrogen Oxide (NOX)– This class is generated when atmospheric nitrogen reacts with oxygen under the high temperatures and pressure conditions present inside the internal combustion engine. NOX causes both smog and acid rain, bonding with sulfur dioxide emitted from coal fired power stations in the atmosphere to cause acid rain.
Carbon Monoxide (CO) – This class is a product of incomplete combustion.Carbon monoxide reduces the ability of blood cells to carry oxygen and is found dangerous, especially to people with heart disease. Carbon Monoxide is also a contributor to acid rain.
Sulfur Dioxide (SO2) – This class is produced in the combustion of fossil fuels.Mainly a concern from burning coal in power plants, this molecule joins together with NOX in the atmosphere to cause acid rain.
Carbon Dioxide (CO2) – This class of emissions are taking a large role in promoting global warming, or “climate change,” as the media is telling us now.
We believe that by severely reducing the above emissions, the plants and trees will be more able to balance our CO2levels in the atmosphere until we are capable of only using renewable energy resources.
Build Your Own
For basic experiments, you don’t even have to add an electrolyte (such as acid) to the water to assure electrical conductivity.Plain old tap water works fine because it contains minerals that are natural electrolytes and also municipal additives like chlorine which aides in electrical conductivity. In fact, electrolysis is in many ways similar to the reaction which occurs within your vehicles’ battery.Here are a few old ideas to get you inspired.
Files 1 - 19 are .pdf files - (Adobe Acrobat Reader files.)
with an exception # 18 is a word.doc. Stan's diagram page.
See the Buggy idle on egas alone! and see Stan's 4' tall cell. Video taken from his twin brother Steven (still alive) The other fellow Ted Holbrook who just passed of old age is helping him, he supposedly is responsible for confiscating the dune buggy from the cronies who took Stan's most precious life. The buggy is for sale! ( 9/25/08)
Stan's Company Logo
Stan is gone, but his spirit lives on!
This invention relates to welding, brazing or the like utilizing a mixture of hydrogen and oxygen generated in stoichiometric proportions in an electrolytic cell by electrolytic dissociation of water.The mixture being made then passes from the generator through a flash-back arrestor and thence to a burner where the gases are ignited.The invention also relates to atomic welding in which the above mentioned mixture is passed through an arc causing dissociation of both the hydrogen and oxygen into atomic hydrogen and oxygen which on recombination generate an intensely hot flame.
A common ‘ducted electrolytic device’ built in a cylindrical fashion. This is the first common ducted design issued a United States patent in 1966 to William A. Rhodes.The cell is a single unit in which a number of electrodes, effectively in series, are arranged adjacent each other in a common electrolytic chamber, the chamber being provided with a gas collection space and an outlet for connection to, for example, a gas burner. Furthermore, only the end electrodes need be connected to an external source of electrical energy and the arrangement as a whole can be made extremely efficient and compact. The need for a transformer for most applications can be eliminated by such an arrangement so that the apparatus can be designed to be electrically connected directly to a main electrical supply, through a bridge rectifier if desired. By eliminating the need for a transformer, the gas generating equipment as a whole can be made surprisingly compact, to be well suited for small domestic requirements as well as heavy industrial requirements.
Hydrogen affects the burn rate of fuels and lean combustion capabilities of internal combustion engines. For diesel applications, when the hydrogen enriched air is compressed, the diesel fuel is introduced with a resulting improvement in fuel efficiency and maximized combustion of the fuel. A 50% reduction in gasoline consumption, at idle, was reported by numerically analyzing the effect of hydrogen enriched gasoline on the performance, emissions and fuel consumption of a small spark-ignition engine. When Brown's Gas burns it forms water, resulting in cooling the combustion chambers of engines, effectively allowing for greater compression ratios. The addition of hydrogen can guarantee a regular running of engine with many advantages in terms of emissions levels and fuel consumption reduction.
Hydrogen fuel enhancement can be optimized by implementing established lean burn concepts, and at minimum to achieve an actual increase in gas mileage the air/fuel ratio needs appropriate modification. Overall, increases in engine efficiency are more dominant than the energy loss incurred in generating hydrogen, resulting in improved fuel economy for the system as a whole. This is supported by computational analysis that has marked the possibility of operating with high air overabundance (lean or ultra-lean mixtures) without a performance decrease, but with great advantages on pollution emissions and fuel consumption.
Here are some other cutting torch examples:
Why You Should Be Angry
Today is a prime time for MagDrive technology. Again, we know this is not new technology but in the past it was easy for the oil companies to suppress this knowledge. Independent inventors were often alone in their studies which made them easily bullied by big wigs.People have been bought out, bribed, threatened, incarcerated, institutionalized, or shot dead for their technology. Great inventors that spent a lifetime of hard work and effort to achieve purposeful inventions felt they had to keep their ideas to themselves in fear of being victimized.
We now have so many resources for education and communication right at our finger tips.Many backyard builders, garage inventors, and the like, are able to film their trials and developments and share their videos on YouTube.com with people all across the world.This is ‘word-of-mouth’ to the next level!The internet has really helped the technological revolution as people are sharing information globally from the comfort of their own home.We constantly get messages about all sorts of technological developments going on in the scientific community from our fellow “HighPerformanceFuelCells.com ” who have begun to embrace this new eco-energy wave.
As of 2005, 49.7% of the electricity produced in the United States comes from coal, 19.3% comes from nuclear, 18.7% comes from natural gas, 6.5% from hydroelectricity, 3% from petroleum and the remaining 2.8% mostly coming from geothermal, solar and biomass. When hydrogen is produced through electrolysis, the energy comes from these sources. Though the fuel cell itself will only emit heat and water as waste, pollution is often caused when generating the electricity required to produce the hydrogen that the fuel cell uses as its power source (for example, when coal, oil, or natural gas-generated electricity is used). This will be the case unless the hydrogen is produced using electricity generated by hydroelectric, geothermal, solar, wind or other clean power sources (which may or may not include nuclear power, depending on one's attitude to the nuclear waste byproducts); hydrogen is only as clean as the energy sources used to produce it.
Change is right around the corner! Brazil has been energy independent since the 1970’s and their economy is flourishing. Water is the fuel of the future and now corporations need to plan out the necessary steps needed to make the transition into the free energy market. People need to begin to become familiar with these advancements in science as it will soon show to truly revolutionize our world. A free energy market doesn’t mean that industries have to close down – just the oil companies!Leading manufacturers need to incorporate hydrogen fuel technology in their products in order to develop new eco-friendly vehicles, generators, homes, and appliances.The United States will see a thriving economy and a stronger dollar once we utilize renewable resources of energy!
The revolution has already begun and YOU are a key player in it!We need everyone to use and experiment with new technology; everybody will be joining in the fight to save the environment from exhaustion and depletion. Again, I realize there's a lot of concern from large corporations about our economy being able to transition with the conditions of a free energy market.Plenty of jobs will be made for small and big businesses alike!
Hydrogen Fuel Cell Generator Parts and Layout
The hydrogen generator brick is the heart of the hydrogen system.Constructed of high tempered polyethylene, 316L stainless steel, and some other hardware, the MagDrive generator is designed to deliver just the right amount of hydrogen based on your vehicle type. Dissociation observably occurs, as seen by the creation of millions of tiny hydrogen and oxygen gas bubbles running through the outbound tubing of the hydrogen generator. At this point, we’ve covered the concepts needed to understand the basic functioning of the generator.
Every other component of the system is simply used to correctly control the performance of the generator.Water is supplied by the tank and pump, while water level within the generator is controlled by a level sensor and switch. For safety purposes, a relief valve protects against excess pressure buildup within the generator. Separate ports are provided for attaching hoses to route gas to the engine. A drain valve, near the in-bound flow valve, is installed to allow flushing of the hydrogen fuel cell generator. The bottom end cap is threaded so that the generator can easily be opened up for inspection or repair and for occasional cleaning of the electrodes and coil. Two stainless steel rods stick out from the generator body to allow electrical connections to the electrodes and relay box.
The generator gas output hose connects to a flame arrestor, or “C-Trap”, which in turn connects to pressure fittings attached to the engine.In the event that the engine backfires, the flame arrestor provides protection against combustion flashback into the generator. Unlike the generator, the arrestor body is constructed from PVC pipe. It’s a simple unit using small diameter pipe, end caps with hose fittings, and a fuel sponge. Pressure fitting kits are readily available at engine shops. They’re designed for converting engines to run on propane, so they are perfectly adaptable to the hydrogen fuel cell generator. It is recommended to install the C-Trap above the generator and near the intake. It can be installed almost anywhere, but placing it near the engine is convenient since that will usually reduce the length of hoses and electrical wires.
Remember:Try to find the safest lowest spot to mount the generator.Usually somewhere behind the front bumper is a good spot.
Obviously the water reservoir is the simplest part of the whole system. Just about any large container will hold water, but we’ll recommend a particular tank when we get into the construction phase. The other alternative is to check the water level fairly often, but someday you’ll run the tank dry and wish you had spent the extra money for a sensor and indicator. It’s best to use a generously sized translucent water tank of .5 to 1.5 gallons capacity, with level markings so you can see how much water you have left.
Having a larger capacity of the water reservoir means less frequent checking and refilling. You’ll also have to decide on pump location.For example, using pump offered on BackyardBuildersofTampaBay.com, should be mounted somewhere between the return on the water reservoir and the inbound line of the generator, preferably closer to the generator.
How All Vehicles Are Different
Every make and model is going to look different under the hood.Some cars have the battery on the left-hand side, and some have them on the right. Some have an area for the water reservoir hiding behind the bumper, and some have space behind the engine.When it comes to performing High Performance Fuel Cells installations, no two cars are going to have their parts in the same places.This is why you must become familiar with your car and your new hydrogen fuel cell generator in order to keep it performing in top condition.
We often get requests to include pictures with our installation directions, but we can’t include pictures with every make and model in our instructions.It just isn’t feasible, but we are working on solutions to come out soon!
Again, as you’re adding this supplemental fuel source to your vehicle, if you have an on-board computer (found in all vehicles after 1996), it needs to be adjusted to compensate for the extra hydrogen.There are a number of components, with which I believe you should become familiar, that contribute to your fuel efficiency, or inefficiency.
Fuel Injection System Overview:
PCM - Power train Control Module
Oxygen sensors - provide information about the fuel mixture. The PCM uses this feedback to constantly re-adjust and fine tune the air/fuel ratio. This keeps emissions and fuel consumption to a minimum. A bad O2 sensor will typically make an engine run rich, use more fuel and pollute. O2 sensors deteriorate with age and may be contaminated if the engine burns oil or develops a coolant leak.
Note:OBDIIvehicles have several oxygen sensors. You'll typically find one in each exhaust manifold (so on a "V" engine you'll often find two). You'll also find another "downstream" O2 sensor behind the catalytic converter to monitor converter efficiency. On OBD II vehicles, you should be able to expect 100,000 miles (sometimes more) of life from an O2 sensor.
Coolant Sensor - monitors engine temperature. The PCM uses this information to regulate a wide variety of ignition, fuel and emission control functions. When the engine is cold, for example, the fuel mixture needs to be richer to improve drivability. Once the engine reaches a certain temperature, the PCM starts using the signal from the O2 sensor to vary the fuel mixture. This is called "closed loop" operation, and it is necessary to keep emissions to a minimum.
Throttle Position Sensor (TPS) - keeps the PCM informed about throttle position. The PCM uses this input to change spark timing and the fuel mixture as engine load changes. A problem here can cause a flat spot during acceleration (like a bad accelerator pump in a carburetor) as well as other drivability complaints.
Airflow Sensor - tells the PCM how much air the engine is drawing in as it runs. The PCM uses this to further vary the fuel mixture as needed. There are several types of airflow sensors including hot wire mass airflow sensors and the older flap-style vane airflow sensors. All are very expensive to replace.
Crankshaft Position Sensor - monitors engine rpm and helps the computer determine relative position of the crankshaft so the PCM can control spark timing and fuel delivery in the proper sequence. The PCM also uses the crank sensor's input to regulate idle speed, which it does by sending a signal to an idle speed control motor or idle air bypass motor. On some engines, an additional camshaft position sensor is used to provide additional input to the PCM about valve timing.
Manifold Absolute Pressure (MAP) - sensor that measures intake vacuum, which the PCM also uses to determine engine load. The MAP sensor's input affects ignition timing primarily, but also fuel delivery.
Knock Sensors - used to detect vibrations produced by detonation. When the PCM receives a signal from the knock sensor, it momentarily retards timing while the engine is under load to protect the engine against spark knock.
EGR position sensor - tells the PCM when the exhaust gas recirculation (EGR) valve opens (and how much). This allows the PCM to detect problems with the EGR system that would increase pollution.
Vehicle Speed Sensor (VSS) - keeps the PCM informed about how fast the vehicle is traveling. This is needed to control other functions such as torque converter lockup. The VSS signal is also used by other control modules, including the antilock brake system (ABS).
The High Performance Fuel Cells system is proven effective and has been implemented in a variety of vehicles by people around the world. After many years of testing and experimentation with a large number of hydrogen generators, we are confidently able to produce different size systems that are contoured to the need of the vehicle.
Rice Rocket 30cc – 4.0 Liter Engine
Small Block 4.0-7.0 Liter Engine
Big Block 8.0-10.0 Liter Engine
Super Big Block 10.0-12.0 Liter Engine
Heavy Haul Big Block 12.0-14.0 Liter Engine
For vehicles that have from 5.4-5.9 Liter engines, we suggest jumping up to the Small Block 383 Stroker system for those times that you’re driving with heavy loads or at high speeds.You just want to make sure you can meet the demands of those larger engines. It’s not necessary, but it’s recommended!
How to Install
Using our step-by-step instructions, anyone can install a High Performance Fuel Cells fuel cell generator.The system is easy to assemble and somewhat easy to install once you understand how it works. No special tools are required. The usual tools and equipment found in a typical home or workshop will do the job.
Note:If you do not understand your vehicles mechanical setup, have a mechanic nearby with the expertise to install the hydrogen generator.
Many of the newer vehicles come with a sensor that is used for mass air intake, this sensor has a fine wire that actually glows like a filament in a light bulb and is located in the air intake system usually between the air filter box and the intake manifold. On those vehicles you MUST locate the hydrogen fuel outlet directly into the engine's intake manifold or as close to the engines throttle body as physically possible or by doing both. It is also advised that the system be controlled by the ignition switch (key) in conjunction with the provided power on/off switch. The reason being is that you could forget to turn the unit off and flood the engine with hydrogen fuel when the vehicle is not running. It will also drain your battery if left running.
To install any Series Rice Rocket model High Performance Fuel Cells fuel cell generator, follow the directions listed below.
You will need the following tools:
wire cutters
wire strippers
wire terminal crimpers
couple of 7/16” open end wrenches
cordless drill and ¼” & ½” bit for metal
pair of heavy duty scissors
Map It Out
As you begin an install, just after opening the hood you want to start investigating!Look for those low open spots near the radiator, just behind the bumper, where you can fit your generator.Again, find the lowest place to mount your generator that is still safe under all driving conditions.The generator should hang lower than the undercarriage of the vehicle.Don’t forget about those pesky speed bumps.
Continue by finding a roomy area for your water reservoir.You want this to be at the highest point possible, preferably close to the generator.If you do opt to get a pump, don’t forget that you want to have the pump located near the intake valve on the bottom of the generator as it will push water from the reservoir into the brick.Pay attention to the little arrows on the valves of the pump!
Remember: The pump isn’t necessary if you can place the water reservoir almost directly above the brick.
Near the reservoir, you want to see if you can also squeeze in your C-Trap.The C-Trap is going to be the last stop for the hydrogen gas just before it enters your engine.It isn’t necessary to have all the devices next to each other, but it does make the job easier when you’re running the tubing.
Last, pick a spot that would be convenient for your relay box.Usually somewhere close to the battery or the fuse box is the best bet.Take into consideration that each part in the system has a different role in delivering hydrogen to your engine.All you are doing is making sure that each stage is performing effectively and the system is running efficiently.The idea is to have the reservoir near the generator, because it supplies the water; the pump should be near the generator because it delivers the water.The C-Trap should be near the reservoir, because it receives the produced hydrogen; the C-Trap should be near the air intake, because that is the destination for the gas.I think you get the point…
1.Find the lowest possible spot for the hydrogen fuel cell generator.
2.Determine where the pump should be placed.Notice the little arrows on the valves of the pump.Remember the water is pumped from the reservoir to the generator.
3.Find the highest possible spot for the C-trap and water reservoir.
4.Locate spot for the relay box
5.Determine if the path for your tubing is feasible
6.Mount the system
Wire It Up
There are really not too many tips to give you here.If it has been a while, remember that red means positive and black means negative.Always be sure to find a good place to ground your generator and your relay box.The metal frame of body works best.Let’s continue on.
1. Connect the thick 12 gage red wire from the relay box to the brick’s anode (back-side of the brick).
2. Ground the black wire on the brick’s cathode (face of the brick) to the vehicle body.
3. Connect the red wire of the pump to the side of the generator and then ground the black wire to the body of the vehicle.
4. Ground the black wire of the Relay Box to the vehicle body.
5. Connect the Fuse protection wire to the positive terminal of the battery.
6. Connect the thin 16 gage red wire from the ‘Power’ terminal on your switch to the Add-A-Circuit in your fuse box.This wire is going to have to go through the firewall into the interior of the vehicle.
Hint:You want to find a 15A fuse that ONLY shows a voltage potential when the vehicle is ON, so pull out your voltmeter!A 10A fuse will go on top of your 15A fuse in the Add-A-Circuit.This allows the 10A fuse to blow first for safety purposes.
7. Connect the “Acc” terminal (the middle one) on your switch to the “Switch” terminal on your relay box.
8. Ground the switch to the vehicle from the “Ground” terminal (on the switch) using the thin 16 gage black wire (included).
Tubing
Always try to keep your tubing running vertically.Plenty of you will not be able to mount your water reservoir near the front bumper, but just make sure you don’t have any low drooping areas.Make sure your tubing won’t get in the way of any moving objects.Also, remember that kinks and squeeze points in the tube cause pressure in the lines and will REDUCE your hydrogen flow and production. I suggest figuring out your tube routing before you start cutting so you can see if you have enough material.If not, try moving the parts around.
1. From the bottom of the reservoir tank, connect the already installed tube to the inbound valve of the pump.
2. From the outbound valve of the pump, connect a tube to run to the inbound valve on the bottom of the hydrogen fuel cell generator.
3. From the outbound valve on the top of the generator, connect a tube that will run to your inbound valve on the reservoir.
4. From the outbound gas line on the top of your reservoir, connect a tube to inbound line on the bottom of your C-Trap.
5. Finally, from the outbound line at the top of your C-Trap, run a tube that will run to your intake.
How to Set Up the Venturi
Okay, for a quick summary, the hydrogen is going through the tube from the C-Trap into the “Y-joint” and then splitting at the fork of the two valves to exit. You’re going to remove the air intake from the side that connects to your engine.Continue by drilling a hole into the air intake with a bit just large enough to fit INSIDE the valve of Y-joint (the INNER diameter).I suggest using a 9/32’’ drill bit.This tight hole will securely hold the Y-joint in place.The outbound line of the C-Trap is going to connect to the Y-joint; the two valves of the Y-joint connect to the venturi tubes.There you go!
1. Locate the air intake tube that runs to your engine.
2. You’re going to want disconnect the air intake from where it enters the engine.A socket wrench or flathead may be required.
3. In your hardware bag, you will find two pre-cut venturi tubes (cut at a 45 ° angle) and a “Y-joint”.
4. Now connect the two venturi tubes to the Y-joint, so that the part of the tube that is cut away is facing downwards in the tube.As the air flows through the intake, hydrogen gas will be pulled right off the bottom of those cut edges.
5. Make a hole using a 9/32’’ drill bit in the top of the air intake tube.The hold should be just a few inches back from where it enters through the plenum.The plenum is the circular mechanism with semi-circle flaps that move to accept air.You want to get your venturi tubes as close to the plenum as possible without interfering with it!
6. Now with the Y-joint having the venturi tubes assembled, from the inside of the intake, you want to push the inbound valve through the hole.The valve of the Y-joint should be sticking out of the top of your intake.
7. Finally, connect the tube from the outbound of your C-Trap to the inbound valve on the Y-joint!
Let’s Fill It Up
Now that the system is fully assembled, you need to fill the water reservoir.One gallon of white distilled vinegar is needed. Pour until the circulator reserve tank is full. Then let it drain down to fill the Rice Rocket cell. This will take a few minutes.Depending on model, you could use an entire gallon of vinegar to fill both the circulator tank and the cell, including the connecting hoses.
You should easily drive 500 miles before any refilling is needed, actually almost 1000 - 5000 miles is more than likely the case. When refilling, between maintenance services top off the circulator tank with distilled vinegar, not vinegar.
So in short, fill with vinegar to start, top off with vinegar is being used up. After 5000 miles drain and flush and start over with the straight vinegar. It is suggested to use vinegar is as the electrolyte, but you can experiment with it.
Get Tricky
Okay, so you’ve installed your generator and now you’re producing hydrogen.Now you’re seeing the great emissions and everything seems good under the hood, but you’re not getting the great gas mileage?Well, your car was designed to have a CERTAIN gas mileage rating.No higher – but maybe lower.Of course, we never end up getting the same mileage as the numbers on the window sticker, but the dealership won’t tell you that!
Anyhow, take a second to think about your situation.You are driving the same vehicle but now with different fuel.Now is the time to make some of the necessary adjustments to get the SERIOUS mileage that hydrogen delivers. Here are some additional and replacement parts for your generator system.You will find that some of the products below will improve the performance of your system, make an easier installation, give you horsepower, or give you MILEAGE!
It should be noted, for the BEST gas mileage, you NEED to reprogram the vehicle’s computer.You can start with a simple option like an oxygen sensor extender, but that will only get you so far.A MAP sensor enhancer will allow you to manually make the necessary fuel/air ratios, but for professional adjustments you may want to go ahead and get a handheld tuning device for your car.It’s a great buy for American-made vehicles!The handheld comes pre-programmed with a number of different settings, the screen is easy to read, and you can adjust your performance on the go!
You’ll have to check out our entire product line in the “Fuel Cell Hardware” section of the website.We’re always updating our product lists!
Single-fixture water pump delivers 1.5 gallons/minute. Quiet, compact—only 4-1/2" high, 1-3/4" diam. Mounts on tank or in water line. Barbed fittings for easy installation. 12 volt; draws 1 amp.
This same chip has been used by drag racers to improve the performance of their cars. It is an easy way to add BETTER acceleration, increase your HORSEPOWER up to 20 hp and have INCREASED torque.
This reservoir comes with a built-in pump to automatically refill your system as you need water. This system should be used with large fuel cells that use more electrolytes.
Having a switch accessible from within the cabin of the vehicle is suggested as a safety precaution.
$4.95
Find out more about how you can optimize your hydrogen fuel cell generator:
www.BackyardBuildersofTampaBay.com
Maintenance
Your hydrogen fuel cell generator is nearly maintenancefree.Be sure to always use distilled water as tap water contains minerals which accumulate within the generator and coat parts. Deposits begin to build between the plates, closing the gap between the electrodes, and hydrogen production will slow down.Prevent mineral buildup by periodically flushing and cleaning the generator every six to eight weeks.
Flushing – Open the cap of the water reservoir and remove the drain valve from the bottom of the generator brick.Use a drip tray, or Rubbermaid container, to collect the fluid – it’s not good for the groundwater.It may take a while for the system to drain completely.If you have a pump, run it about 2-3 minutes until empty.Adding fresh water behind the used electrolyte will help remove residue, but is not necessary.Close the drain valve, add water until the generator is full, and turn power OFF. Be sure to top off the water tank.
Cleaning – As a thin layer of minerals will build up on the generator parts, periodically removing them is highly recommended. Depending on the mineral content of the water and the amount of driving, your cleaning needs may vary. To be on the safe side, I advise cleaning at least every two months. A mildly acidic mineral deposit cleaner, such as “CLR,” is available at large grocery and hardware stores and works very well. Dozens of similar products are on the market, it won’t hurt to go with the generic brand.
Make sure power is OFF. Drain the generator, disconnect the outlet tube at the flame arrestor, and close the drain valve. Wearing protective gloves, mix the cleaner about 50/50 with water (follow manufacturer directions) and pour through the tube until the generator is full. Allow the cleaner to work for a few minutes (follow manufacturer directions) and drain into a bucket or large container. Repeat this procedure one more time. Examine the drained cleaner and, if necessary, repeat until the drained cleaner is fairly clear.
Close the drain valve and fill the generator with fresh water through the tubing, and drain. Repeat two more times. Turn power ON and flush for a minute or two. Close the drain valve, wait for the Generator to pump full, and close the drain cock. Turn power OFF and reconnect the tube to the flame arrestor. Be sure to top off the water tank.
Frequently Asked Questions about HPFC (highperformancefuelcells)
1. What is the best method for running my HPFC hydrogen fuel cell generator?
We recommend running this hydrogen fuel cell generator in the “Hybrid Fuel Mode”, meaning using your regular fuel along with the fuel produced from the HPFC hydrogen fuel cell generator. Most users achieve a 35 - 45% fuel savings average.
2. Okay, I decided to run it as a Hybrid fuel system, will I get rust or corrosion that way too?
Not really, the fossil fuel (gas or diesel) produces more than enough heat during combustion that when the hydrogen fuel burns and converts back to water, the engine temps are high enough to keep it as a vapor or steam until it exits the exhaust system. We have units running almost 3 years without any evidence of moisture or corrosion problems.
3. Will I get instructions on how to install my HPFC hydrogen fuel cell generator?Okay, I am not to mechanically inclined, what do I do then?
Yes, with every unit you receive the basic installation instruction on how to install your hydrogen fuel cell generator, they are also listed on our support page. That includes a simple wiring instructions and where and how to connect the hydrogen fuel cell generator to your engine.
Any person who is mildly mechanically inclined can install the HPFC hydrogen fuel cell generator. A professional mechanic could easily do the job in less than 2 hours.
4. I have 2 vehicles, one is fuel injected and the other is an older vehicle that’s carbureted. Will the hydrogen fuel cell generators work on both kinds of fuel systems?
Yes they do, for engines with a carburetor connect the reservoir outlet venturi hose directly over the carburetor into the throttle body orifice located right over the carburetor.
On fuel injected engines, connect the reservoir outlet hose to the venturi into the air intake plenum as close to the throttle body assembly as possible.
5. If I have questions is there any tech support for my HPFC hydrogen fuel cell generator?
Yup, there sure is, you can contact us anytime by email at mtarantola@tampabay.rr.com we will reply ASAP. Or contact any of our company distributors during business hours anytime between the hours of 9am and 5pm.
6. Is there any kind of guarantee that comes with my HPFC hydrogen fuel cell generator?
Yes there is, we guarantee that the product is free from defects and errors in workmanship and it will perform as advertised. Depending upon your vehicle and driving conditions, you can expect anywhere from 15% to 45% fuel savings (increase) over your current fuel usage. If you are not satisfied with your HHO Generator, Please read our product Guarantee page linked from the Main page. All accessory parts are guaranteed for 90 days from installation date (i.e. switch, pump, relays). The Brick cell is guaranteed for 1 year from date of installation.
7. Why are your hydrogen fuel cell generators overall less expensive than the others I’ve seen on the internet?
We could charge more like some of the other producers on the internet, for example $950 and more. But look at it this way, if you could afford $950.00 and even more you could easily pay $4.00 for a gallon of gas. Lets be realistic, a working man with a family of 4 has enough trouble making ends meet and paying the ridiculous prices for gasoline and now we go and price HHO units for big money. Now the poor man gets stuck between a rock and a hard place, he can’t afford either. If we charged those high prices, we would be no different than the big oil companies. The principle idea is to make it affordable for everyone.
8. Is it safe to leave my generator running if the car is off?
Warning: YOU MUST TURN THE UNIT OFF WHEN NOT IN USE!
You are creating hydrogen and oxygen through electrolysis; during this process you create HEAT.If you leave the unit on let’s say overnight, you WILL kill your batteries charge and over heat the unit to include boiling out the entire electrolyte. To avoid this problem, you can connect your unit using a little gismo called an “Add-A-Circuit” (which can be purchased at just about any auto parts store for about $6), that makes the hydrogen fuel cell generator turn on/off through the ignition key. So if you forget to shut it off with the Main Power Switch it will get turned off when you shut off and exit your vehicle.
The bricks will operate up to 120°F without any difficulty, but not turning it off when not in use can damage the unit by over heating it past its tolerable operating temperature limits.
9. What about COLD WEATHER, what do I do to protect the Hydrogen Fuel Cell Generator?
First of all the hydrogen generators use distilled water and Acetic acid as the electrolyte, commonly called DISTILLED WHITE VINEGAR 5% mix
The reservoir also has the mixed electrolyte, same as the hydrogen generator. Being acetic acid based, minimal freezing protection is all that’s necessary. Both can freeze solid without any major problems. Once the power switch is turned on, the hydrogen generator will immediately begin to thaw out.
If you want to have added protection against freezing:
1. Use denatured alcohol or ethyl alcohol, mix 1 part alcohol - 5 parts vinegar.
2. Insulate the circulation tank/pump and Brick cell with foam pipe wrap insulation, get it at Home Depot or Lowes.
10. What if I want to move the Hydrogen Fuel Cell Generator to my other automobile or truck?
If it is going to be transferred over, you can get all of the necessary clamps, fittings etc at Home Depot or LowesHomeCenters. We designed the units using these readily available items in the event you broke something or lost a part during installation. All of the electrical parts can be purchase at AutoZone, Advanced or O Reilly’s. The only item you would have to order is the gas/liquid safety valve that comes from US Plastics in Lima, Ohio.
11. How far can I travel using the Auto-Fill add-on with my hydrogen fuel cell generator before I have to refill the reservoir tank?
You can travel approximately 500-1000 miles using the electrolyte in the generator and the 2 quarts in the reservoir tank before topping off with Distilled Water. Mileage would depend upon engine size and vehicle speed. You should do a system drain and flush every 5000 miles
12. Are the folks at HPFC planning on producing other units?
Yes they are... we are working on units desgined for applications on generators, food grills, and high test marine applications.
13. How long does it take to get my HPFC hydrogen fuel cell generator from the time I ordered it?
On average it will ship between 2 to 3 weeks from your order date. We ship UPS ground w/tracking. Depending where in the USA you live it could take from 2 to 7 days to get there. Shipping to the west coast is usually 5-7 days, while the mid-west TX, OK, KS, NE, and IA is on average 3 days. North East is usually 2 days and Mountain States is normally 4 days. With the current fuel price crisis we had to move our production lead time to these numbers due to the overwhelming orders we have received.
14. Why don’t you sell units that can run the vehicle on just hydrogen alone without any other fuel?
Primarily because someone would purchase a unit install it on a vehicle without making the necessary modifications and eventually destroy their engine over a period of time and come back at us with a lawsuit claiming we sold them a product that destroyed the engine. It’s a liability factor; today people file lawsuits for a hangnail or stubbing their toe. In a court of law we would be found at fault just because we sold such a unit knowing that the purchaser could avoid doing the modifications and just install the unit anyway. A court would declare that we didn’t put in any safe guards making the unit fool proof for people trying to take short cuts. Think about it...
15. Some basic answers to basic questions :
a. Current draw. 3.5- 5 AMPS cold...7 - 11 amps warmed up
b. Electrolyte. Use White distilled vinegar for your Electrolyte.
c. Condensate. There is always some kind of condensate residue in lines when shut down & cooled off.
d. Production stats? Yes, we have HHO production stats volume over time.
e. Check engine light? The Check engine light has never come on once on any vehicle no matter what year, model or engine.
f. Explosive gas under hood? NO there isn’t any explosive gas floating around under the hood. It’s an on demand sealed system not a pressurized system, it works under a vacuum principle.
16. Why and what are our reasons for developing the HPFC units for public use?
Its a very simple explanation, we are no different than you, we go to work, buy groceries, go to the store, take a vacation when its affordable in the family budget. We watch our pennies too! With the never ending increases of energy costs there has to be a better way if not efficiency wise then cost wise to break this cycle of rising energy costs. So why not try to find a better and less expensive way of using our available energy. Hydrogen and Oxygen are two of the most abundant elements available to us on this spinning ball that we live on, so why not use them to our advantage. Hydrogen per unit is 3 times more powerful in energy produced than gasoline and almost 4 times that of ethanol. When burnt in conjunction with oxygen, the resulting by product is water, H2O. So if you can follow along, take some water, a compound of 2 elements hydrogen/oxygen and split them apart using electricity into their separate categories as a gas. One gas is hydrogen (fuel) and the other oxygen (oxidizer), leaving them alone, let’s introduce them into an internal combustion engine running on gasoline. Keep in mind gasoline as a fuel is barely 14% efficient to start with. So to introduce the more powerful fuel of hydrogen/oxygen [HHO] into the engine and what do you actually achieve? For starters the engine will run like it never ran before, it will act as though its brand new with the pep and performance you would expect from a new car. The emissions will fall to unbelievably low levels, rivaling new car emission standards.
Gasoline, no longer combusting at 13% efficiency, but at almost 95% efficiency, will exhaust fewer pollutants out the tail pipe. The oil will stay cleaner the plugs will last longer, the engine will stay cleaner internally and the engine temps will drop by several degrees Fahrenheit. Best of all, you started with water, split the water into 2 gasses, burnt the 2 gasses with the gasoline and ended up as result with water at the tail pipe right back where you started from in the beginning. And what did you get out of all of this, anywhere from 15 - 45% more miles per gallon from the inefficient stand alone gasoline that you started out with as well as a few dollars more in your pocket at the gas pump. We have lots of people out there doing this everyday with their HPFC hydrogen fuel cell generator units, some do better than others but overall a penny saved at the gas pump adds up to a dollar in your pocket.
17. When I start to lose fuel economy and performance what’s happening and what do I do?
Loss of fuel savings and performance tells us one thing without any guess work, here is what’s happening. As the electrolyte is used and new replacement electrolyte is introduced into the generator, all of the minerals and chemicals from the used electrolyte are left behind in the generator. This over a period of time can build up. That’s why it’s very important to use good store bought white distilled vinegar. To continue, that left over build up of minerals and what ever gives the electrical current an avenue to conduct through the residue instead of the internal HHO electrolyte. Remember, that electricity will take the shortest and easiest path. Well the current is being conducted by the residue and not the internal HHO electrolyte, some symptoms will be that the unit does not get up to operating temp or the HHO production drops off and fuel economy and performance will begin or drop off gradually or almost completely if not tended to.
To remedy this situation, empty and flush out the generator until you have clean flush water coming out. Then refill with white distilled vinegar [as instructed in your original instructions]. After performing this minor service your HHO generator will start to perform as it did originally. Remember maintenance is necessary to keep your HPFC HHO generator working efficiently and up to operating temps. Like everything else, it does need to have some care and maintenance according to the use demands put upon it...
18. Do I have to make any changes to my vehicles engine or vehicle computer?How about installation location, which is the better location to install my HPFC HHO Gen?What is the best and most accurate method of setting up my HHO Gen using the included Electrolyte?
In 95% of the installations NO computer or mechanical changes need to be made to either your vehicle or its computer. It is some time only necessary on OLDER vehicles [1985 and OLDER] to adjust the engines timing a couple of degrees and also the engines idle speed.
On newer vehicles, the engines computer reads the info from the O2 sensor, Throttle position sensor and the Mass air flow sensor and then makes the necessary adjustments to the fuel/air mixture automatically.
5 AMPS FOR SETTING UP AND FILLING THE HHO GEN.
Keep in mind the initial charge amperage should be 3.5 - 5 amps and once warmed up, at full operating temp the amperage should be approximately 7 - 11 amps. The unit has a 15 amp fuse for protection of over amperage which limits the operating temp from exceeding the maximum allowable temperature. Do not exceed the operating temp of 150*F, or alter the electrolyte mix ratio or eliminate the 15 amp protection fuse, either "WILL" result in causing a melt down on the anode post.
You must turn off the HHO generator when exiting the vehicle, if you do not it will boil out the electrolyte, drain the battery and make it difficult to re-start your engine. We strongly advise getting an ADD-A-CIRCUIT to power your HHO generator; it can be purchased at any auto supply store for approximately $7.
Why are we doing this???
Here is your answer.
By setting up your HHO generator in this manner, you will avoid the problem of blowing the 15 amp fuse as the operating temperature rises and also avoid the Main Gen wires from getting to hot from excessive current flow.
Where can I get white distilled vinegar for my own HHO generators use???
ANY GROCERY STORE...
ITS BEST TO READ OUR SUPPORT PAGE FOR ALLTECHINFO.
19. How do I service or clean out my HPFC hydrogen generator?
It’s a very easy 10 minute process, just follow the simple directions.
1. Turn off the unit and remove the fill and drain plugs.
2. Drain generator by removing the drain plug located on bottom
3. Flush with water (grab the garden hose) and allow the system to drain.
4. Install drain plug and fill reservoir with distilled water.
5. Turn on power and do NOT start the engine.
6. Add distilled water until proper full mark on the circulation reserve.
If you are filling your system for the first time, you want to CHANGE STEP 4, by using White Distilled Vinegar [Acetic Acid] a common food item containing distilled water [potable], meaning no toxic chemicals. Just use distilled water when refilling flush out. The vehicle exhaust according to all certified emissions reports are substantially “greener” than anything now required by law concerning emissions.
20. A REALLY IMPORTANT FAQ YOU SHOULDKNOW
You installed your hydrogen generator, but your fuel mileage went down. -This isn’t right!
We can help!
If you install our hydrogen generator and the fuel mileage decreases it’s due to too much oxygen in the engines exhaust. The O2 sensor will then send a signal to your vehicles computer to enrich the air/fuel ratio mix, defeating the purpose of the hydrogen. This problem can exist in just about any vehicle with ODBI and ODBII ECU controlled vehicles. It should be noted that we see this in approximately 5 out of every 100 systems.
Our hydrogen generators can produce too much hydrogen causing this dilemma using the standard electrolyte setup. To cut back on the hydrogen simply dilute the electrolyte, cut it in half with distilled H2O. That will lessen the O2 in the exhaust, although your mileage gains will suffer too.
The better way is to get a hold of an EFIE unit we have tried several and Eagle Research has worked out to be the best so far on all of our test vehicles.
If you have a v8 or v6 you will need two EFIE units, one for each cylinder bank. A four cylinder engine requires only 1. The EFIE units are tied into the primary O2 sensor before the catalytic converter with a simple cut and splice connection. Eagle research provided a very clear and simple to understand installation set of instructions. Using the EFIE and full hydrogen production we have seen results exceeding 48% increase in fuel mileage.
The Future of Hydrogen
You have the chance to make a change.What really matters is what one does with it.Hydrogen can be a source of free energy that could create independence from foreign oil and big money or you can take the other path to satisfy selfish and destructive purposes.Sometimes the knowledge you gain should be kept to one’s self.If Einstein didn’t write the letters and if Oppenheimer hadn’t pushed the envelope, we would have never had the hydrogen bomb.Let’s quickly end this with the possibilities of a perfect hydrogen solution for Americans and the world.
Picture a house that is geothermal, where its heating and cooling needs are satisfied by the environment.Your hot water heater, refrigerator, stove, washer and dryer are all powered by water.Solar panels line the roof with wind generators spinning high in the air to supply the electricity for your lights, televisions, and computers.A generator could be running off of hydrogen to give you electricity in times of need.Most of all, we could use perpetual magnetic engine to charge your DC system and restore your hydrogen.
It doesn’t take a lot of money, it just takes a little time and the will power to stand up and make a difference.These things are already out there, they just need to be applied!These days it seems like everybody just waits for something to be handed to them.What happened to being creative, thinking outside of the box, and having confidence to get the job done?
This all depends on you…
In closing, we would like to express our feelings on why hydrogen fuel technology has been suppressed for so many years.With this knowledge and power, you have a choice of two paths.I believe that the technology was suppressed because of the hydrogen bomb.You don’t want a nation running around building bombs in their garages.You can always take the righteous path by bringing this abundance of energy to the world.Water covers 70% of our planets surface, shouldn’t the energy be free to all?The best part about utilizing hydrogen technology is that it will clean up our environment and cleanse the atmosphere for our children and their children.I’m so tired of hearing what date the world is going to end.My dream is to leave behind a legend passed down through my sons, through their sons, that their great-grand-pappy helped change the world’s economy by bringing alternative energy devices to the people.Most importantly, I would like to thank all the people who made this book possible by allowing the masses to be supplied with such information.
Molecular Structure and Polarity
All matter is held together by force. The force between atoms within a molecule is a chemical or intramolecular force. The force between molecules is a physical or intermolecular force. We learned about intramolecular forces and the energy it took to overcome these forces, earlier in our chemical studies. We will now breifly delve into a discussion of intermolecular forces.
The Nature of Intermolecular Forces:
The Intermolecular Forces (forces between molecules) are weaker than Intramolecular Forces (The Chemical Bonds within an Individual Molecule). This distinction is the reason we define the molecule in the first place. The properties of matter result from the properties of the individual molecule (resulting from chemical bonding) and how the molecules act collectively (resulting from intermolecular forces).
Intermolecular Forces are longest-ranged (act strongly over a large distance) when they are electrostatic. Interaction of Charge Monopoles (simple charges) is the longest-ranged electrostatic force. Charge-Charge forces (found in ionic crystals)
For like charges (+,+) or (-,-), this force is always repulsive. For unlike charges (+,-), this force is always attractive.
Charge-Dipole Forces:
An uncharged molecule can still have an electric dipole moment. Electric Dipoles arise from opposite but equal charges separated by a distance. Molecules that possess a dipole moment are called Polar molecules (remember the polar covalent bond?). Water is polar and has a dipole moment of 1.85 Debye. The Debye is a unit of dipole moment and has a value of 3.336 x 10-30 Coulomb meter.
When salt is dissolved in water, the ions of the salt dissociate from each other and associate with the dipole of the water molecules. This results in a solution called an Electrolyte
The force may be understood by decomposing each of the dipole into two equal but opposite charges and adding up the resulting charge-charge forces. Notice that the Charge-Dipole Forces depend on relative molecular orientation. This means that the forces can be attractive or repulsive depending on whether like or unlike charges are closer together. On average, dipoles in a liquid orient themselves to form attractive interactions with their neighbors, but thermal motion makes some instantaneous configurations exist fleetingly that are, in fact, repulsive.
Dipole-Dipole forces exist between neutral polar molecules. Again, this force may be understood by decomposing each of the dipole into two equal but opposite charges and adding up the resulting charge-charge forces.
The following table demonstrates the effect of the dipole moment on the boiling point of several substances:
Substance
Molecular Mass
[g/mol]
Dipole moment
[Debye]
Normal Boiling Point
[ K ]
Propane
44
0.1
231
Dimethyl ether
46
1.3
248
Chloromethane
50
2.0
249
Acetaldehyde
44
2.7
294
Acetonitrile
41
3.9
355
Electrostatic forces are defined (categorized) by the symmetry of the partners involved in the interaction. This symmetry is labelled by the first non-zero moment of the charge distribution, i.e. Monopole, Dipole, Quadrupole, etc. Electrostatic forces only exist between molecules with permanent moments of their charge distribution; Molecules do not have to distort or fluctuate in order to exhibit electrostatic intermolecular forces.
Identifying Polar Molecules
A polar molecule is one with a permanent Dipole Moment. A polar molecule must have a slightly positive end opposite a slightly negative one. This cannot happen if the molecule is too symmetric! If a molecule is 'spherical' enough, then each end of the molecule will have the same properties and in must be non-polar.
Examples of molecules that have exactly zero dipole moment and therefore be referred to as non-polar by symmetry are:
Homonuclear Diatomics, and molecules with a center of inversion, eg. H2 and CO2
Symmetric 'Ball' shaped molecules (Tetrahedral and Octahedral), eg. Methane (CH4) and SF6
Note: These arguments only hold for symmetrically substituted molecules; Asymmetric substitution giverise to a net dipole.
Molecules that have 'low' symmetry will always have at least a small dipole moment and therefore be referred to as polar. Examples of such low symmetry molecular shapes include:
When molecules are less than 'perfectly' symmetric, a dipole moment results from the unequal sharing of the electrons between bonded atoms. Remember what indicated how unequal the sharing of electrons was? Yup, the electronegativity:
We normally refer to the charge separation resulting from the unequal sharing of the electrons in a chemical bond as a Bond Dipole. The greater the difference in Electronegativities between the bonded atoms, the greater the Bond Dipole.
The molecule's overall dipole moment is the result of the vector sum of all the bond dipoles within it. In the symmetric molecules above, no matter what the bond dipoles are, the net dipole moment of the molecule is zero because the bond dipoles cancel.
Lone pairs contribute to the molecule's dipole moment even though the do not constitute a 'bond'. Clearly the nucleus 'end' of the lone pair is positive and the electron 'end' is negative so one might think of a 'lone pair dipole' contributing to the polarity of the molecule in analogy to a bond dipole. This behavior is demonstrated in the relative magnitudes ad directions of the dipole moments in the molecules PH3 (m=0.58 D), NH3 (m=1.47 D), and PF3 (m=1.03 D)
![Harold Urey.[Credits : UPI/Corbis-Bettmann]](http://media-2.web.britannica.com/eb-media/22/20922-004-7B34863E.jpg)
